Microorganisms and Male Infertility: Possible Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Male infertility is a worldwide problem, as in about one in five infertile couples; the sole reason is the male partner. Amongst the various etiological factors responsible for male infertility, acute and chronic genital tract infections constitute a significant part. Different microorganisms have been linked with male infertility; with varying levels of association. These microorganisms have been known to employ different mechanisms ranging from direct effect on spermatozoa such as reduced motility, agglutination, loss of acrosomal reaction, to an indirect effect by inducing leukocytospermia that can adversely affect spermatozoa. They may also lead to deterioration of spermatogenesis, loss of sperm function and/or blockage of the seminal tract. This review summarizes the various patho mechanisms being employed by different microorganisms for causing decreased reproductive potential.